Jerry, maybe try reading people's build thread before making assumptions. These studs weren't 45 years old. And I just installed new king pins in this front axle last late spring. Yeah, it is rusty. Why's that? Because I was driving it during winter and I should not have been. The liquid rust is terrible. I just couldn't stop driving it though. The rust shows that one or 2 of the studs were broken for a while other wise there would be no nasty rust there. All the steering components on this front end are new. Either way, these were sold as heavy duty fasteners suited for a rock buggy front axle. Obviously they wouldn't last 5 minutes on a rock buggy. I've never shock loaded this front axle so there is no reason they should have failed.