this is an unsolicited testimonial for gaterbite plumbing repair kits .. these things do miracles .. no soldering,, gluing ,, threading,, no anything but cutting the old pipe and snapping them in place .. works on anything round as long as the size is correct ..i have fixed numerous broken pipes under my mobile home with these things ..i dont have a clue how or why they work .. just that they do ..probably along the same principal as most automotive couplings today .. they remain loose and somewhat flexible but dont leak a drop ..